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a) Ta có:
\(q.{S_n} = q.\left( {{u_1} + {u_2} + ... + {u_n}} \right) = {u_1}.q + {u_2}.q + ... + {u_n}.q = \left( {{u_2} + {u_3} + ... + {u_n}} \right) + q.{u_n}\)
b) Ta có:
\({u_1} + q.{S_n} = {u_1} + \left( {{u_2} + {u_3} + ... + {u_n}} \right) + q.{u_n} = \left( {{u_1} + {u_2} + {u_3} + ... + {u_n}} \right) + q.{u_n} = {S_n} + {u_1}.{q^n}\)
a) Ta có:
\(\left. \begin{array}{l}{u_1} + {u_n} = {u_1} + {u_1} + \left( {n - 1} \right)d = 2{u_1} + \left( {n - 1} \right)d\\{u_2} + {u_{n - 1}} = {u_1} + d + \left( {n - 2} \right)d = {u_1} + \left( {n - 1} \right)d\\{u_n} + {u_1} = {u_1} + {u_1} + \left( {n - 1} \right)d = 2{u_1} + \left( {n - 1} \right)d\end{array} \right\} \Rightarrow {u_1} + {u_n} = {u_2} + {u_{n - 1}} = ... = {u_n} + {u_1}\)
b) Dựa vào công thức vừa chứng minh ta có: \(n\left( {{u_1} + {u_n}} \right)\) = \(2{S_n}\)
a) \({u_2} = {u_1}.q\)
\({u_3} = {u_2}.q = {u_1}.{q^2}\)
\({u_4} = {u_3}.q = {u_1}.{q^3}\)
\({u_5} = {u_4}.q = {u_1}.{q^4}\)
b) Từ a suy ra: \({u_n} = {u_1} \times {q^{n - 1}}\).
a) \({u_2} = {u_1}.q\)
\({u_3} = {u_1}.{q^2}\)
…
\({u_{n - 1}} = {u_1}.{q^{n - 2}}\)
\({u_n} = {u_1}.{q^{n - 1}}\)
\({S_n} = {u_1} + {u_1}q + \ldots + {u_1}{q^{n - 2}} + {u_1}{q^{n - 1}}\)
b) \(q{S_n} = q{u_1} + {u_1}{q^2} + \ldots + {u_1}{q^{n - 1}} + {u_1}{q^n}\)
c) \({S_n} - q{S_n} = \left( {{u_1} + {u_1}q + \ldots + {u_1}{q^{n - 2}} + {u_1}{q^{n - 1}}} \right) - (q{u_1} + {u_1}{q^2} + \ldots + {u_1}{q^{n - 1}} + {u_1}{q^n})\).
\(\begin{array}{l} \Leftrightarrow \left( {1 - q} \right){S_n} = {u_1} - {u_1}{q^n} = {u_1}\left( {1 - {q^n}} \right)\\ \Rightarrow {S_n} = \frac{{{u_1}\left( {1 - {q^n}} \right)}}{{1 - q}}\end{array}\)
Câu 1:
\(S_8=u_1+u_2+u_3+...+u_8\)
\(=\dfrac{u_1\left(1-q^8\right)}{1-q}=\dfrac{2048\cdot\left(1-\left(\dfrac{5}{4}\right)^8\right)}{1-\dfrac{5}{4}}\)
\(=\dfrac{325089}{8}\)
2: \(S_{10}=u_1+u_2+...+u_9+u_{10}\)
=>\(S_{10}=\dfrac{u_1\left(1-q^{10}\right)}{1-q}=\dfrac{-3\cdot\left(1-\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^{10}\right)}{1-\dfrac{1}{2}}\)
\(=-6\cdot\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2^{10}}\right)=-6+\dfrac{6}{2^{10}}=-\dfrac{3069}{512}\)
1:
\(S_8=\dfrac{u_1\cdot\left(1-q^8\right)}{1-q}=\dfrac{2048\cdot\left(1-\left(\dfrac{5}{4}\right)^8\right)}{1-\dfrac{5}{4}}\)
\(=-8192\left(1-\left(\dfrac{5}{4}\right)^8\right)\)
2:
\(u2=u1\cdot q\)
=>\(q=\dfrac{3}{-1}=-3\)
\(S_{10}=\dfrac{u1\left(1-q^{10}\right)}{1-q}=\dfrac{-1\cdot\left(1-\left(-3\right)^{10}\right)}{1-\left(-3\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{-1}{4}\left(1-3^{10}\right)\)
a) \(\left| q \right| = \left| {\frac{1}{2}} \right| < 1\)
b) \(\begin{array}{l}{S_n} = {u_1} + {u_2} + ... + {u_n} = {u_1}.\frac{{1 - {q^n}}}{{1 - q}} = 1.\frac{{1 - {{\left( {\frac{1}{2}} \right)}^n}}}{{1 - \frac{1}{2}}} = 2 - 2.{\left( {\frac{1}{2}} \right)^n}\\ \Rightarrow \lim {S_n} = \lim \left[ {2 - 2.{{\left( {\frac{1}{2}} \right)}^n}} \right] = \lim 2 - 2\lim {\left( {\frac{1}{2}} \right)^n} = 2\end{array}\)
1:
\(S_{10}=\dfrac{u_1\cdot\left(1-q^{10}\right)}{1-q}=\dfrac{-3\cdot\left(1-\dfrac{1}{1024}\right)}{1-\dfrac{1}{2}}\)
\(=-6\cdot\dfrac{1023}{1024}=\dfrac{-3069}{512}\)
2:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u1=6\\u2=18\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u1=6\\u1\cdot q=18\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u1=6\\q=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(S_{12}=\dfrac{u_1\left(1-q^{12}\right)}{1-q}=\dfrac{6\cdot\left(1-3^{12}\right)}{1-3}=-3\cdot\left(1-3^{12}\right)\)
\(=3^{13}-3\)
a) Ta có u6 = u1.q5 = 192 và u7 = u1.q6 = 384
Xét: \(\frac{{{u_6}}}{{{u_7}}} = \frac{{{u_1}{q^5}}}{{{u_1}.{q^6}}} = \frac{1}{q} = \frac{{192}}{{384}} = \frac{1}{2}\)
Suy ra: u1 = \(192:{\left( {\frac{1}{2}} \right)^5} = 6144\).
Vậy cấp số nhân có số hạng đầu u1 = 6 144 và công bội \(q = \frac{1}{2}\).
b) Ta có: u1 + u2 + u3 = u1 + u1.q + u1.q2 = 7
⇔ u1.(1 + q + q2) = 7
Và u5 – u2 = u1.q4 – u1.q = 14
⇔ u1q(q3 – 1) = 14
Suy ra: \(\frac{{{u_1}\left( {1 + q + {q^2}} \right)}}{{{u_1}q\left( {{q^3} - 1} \right)}} = \frac{7}{{14}}\)
\( \Leftrightarrow \frac{{{u_1}\left( {1 + q + {q^2}} \right)}}{{{u_1}q\left( {q - 1} \right)\left( {1 + q + {q^2}} \right)}} = \frac{7}{{14}}\)
⇔ 2 = q(q – 1)
⇔ q2 – q – 2 = 0
⇔ \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}q=2\\q=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Với q = 2 thì u1 = 1.
Với q = – 1 thì u1 = 7.
a) Ta có:
\({S_n}.q = \left( {{u_1} + {u_1}q + {u_1}{q^2} + ... + {u_1}{q^{n - 1}}} \right).q = {u_1}\left( {1 + q + {q^2} + ... + {q^{n - 1}}} \right).q = {u_1}\left( {q + {q^2} + {q^3} + ... + {q^n}} \right)\)
\(\begin{array}{l}{S_n} - {S_n}.q = {u_1} + {u_1}q + {u_1}{q^2} + ... + {u_1}{q^{n - 1}} - {u_1}\left( {q + {q^2} + {q^3} + ... + {q^n}} \right)\\ = {u_1}\left( {1 + q + {q^2} + ... + {q^{n - 1}}} \right) - {u_1}\left( {q + {q^2} + {q^3} + ... + {q^n}} \right)\\ = {u_1}\left( {1 + q + {q^2} + ... + {q^{n - 1}} - \left( {q + {q^2} + {q^3} + ... + {q^n}} \right)} \right)\\ = {u_1}\left( {1 - {q^n}} \right)\end{array}\)
b) Ta có: \({S_n} - {S_n}.q = {u_1}\left( {1 - {q^n}} \right) \Leftrightarrow {S_n}\left( {1 - q} \right) = {u_1}\left( {1 - {q^n}} \right) \Leftrightarrow {S_n} = \frac{{{u_1}\left( {1 - {q^n}} \right)}}{{\left( {1 - q} \right)}}\)